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                <div class="project">
                    <h1>7.2.2 GSP Tags - Reference Documentation</h1>

                    <p><strong>Authors:</strong> Graeme Rocher, Peter Ledbrook, Marc Palmer, Jeff Brown, Luke Daley, Burt Beckwith</p>

                    <p><strong>Version:</strong> 2.2.1</p>

                    
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                    <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
                    
                    <div class="toc-item" style="margin-left:0px"><a href="#tagVariablesAndScopes"><strong>7.1</strong><span>Variables and Scopes</span></a>
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                    <div class="toc-item" style="margin-left:0px"><a href="#tagLogicAndIteration"><strong>7.2</strong><span>Logic and Iteration</span></a>
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                    <div class="toc-item" style="margin-left:0px"><a href="#searchAndFiltering"><strong>7.3</strong><span>Search and Filtering</span></a>
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                    <div class="toc-item" style="margin-left:0px"><a href="#formsAndFields"><strong>7.5</strong><span>Forms and Fields</span></a>
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                    <div class="toc-item" style="margin-left:0px"><a href="#tagsAsMethodCalls"><strong>7.6</strong><span>Tags as Method Calls</span></a>
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<a name="6.2.2 GSP Tags"><!-- Legacy link --></a>
<h2 id="tags">7.2.2 GSP Tags</h2>
Now that the less attractive JSP heritage has been set aside, the following sections cover GSP's built-in tags, which are the preferred way to define GSP pages.<p class="paragraph"/><blockquote class="note">
The section on <a href="../guide/single.html#taglibs" class="guide">Tag Libraries</a> covers how to add your own custom tag libraries.
</blockquote><p class="paragraph"/>All built-in GSP tags start with the prefix <code>g:</code>. Unlike JSP, you don't specify any tag library imports. If a tag starts with <code>g:</code> it is automatically assumed to be a GSP tag. An example GSP tag would look like:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:example /&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>GSP tags can also have a body such as:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:example&#62;</span>
   Hello world
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:example&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>Expressions can be passed into GSP tag attributes, if an expression is not used it will be assumed to be a String value:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:example attr=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;new Date()&#125;"</span>&#62;</span>
   Hello world
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:example&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>Maps can also be passed into GSP tag attributes, which are often used for a named parameter style syntax:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:example attr=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;new Date()&#125;"</span> attr2=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"&#91;one:1, two:2, three:3&#93;"</span>&#62;</span>
   Hello world
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:example&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>Note that within the values of attributes you must use single quotes for Strings:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:example attr=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;new Date()&#125;"</span> attr2=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"&#91;one:'one', two:'two'&#93;"</span>&#62;</span>
   Hello world
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:example&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>With the basic syntax out the way, the next sections look at the tags that are built into Grails by default.



<h2 id="tagVariablesAndScopes">7.2.2.1 Variables and Scopes</h2>
Variables can be defined within a GSP using the <a href="../ref/Tags/set.html" class="tags">set</a> tag:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:set var=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"now"</span> value=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;new Date()&#125;"</span> /&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>Here we assign a variable called <code>now</code> to the result of a GSP expression (which simply constructs a new <code>java.util.Date</code> instance). You can also use the body of the <code>&#60;g:set&#62;</code> tag to define a variable:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:set var=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"myHTML"</span>&#62;</span>
   Some re&#45;usable code on: $&#123;new Date()&#125;
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:set&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>The assigned value can also be a bean from the applicationContext:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:set var=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"bookService"</span> bean=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"bookService"</span> /&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>Variables can also be placed in one of the following scopes:
<ul class="star">
<li><code>page</code> - Scoped to the current page (default)</li>
<li><code>request</code> - Scoped to the current request</li>
<li><code>flash</code> - Placed within <a href="../ref/Controllers/flash.html" class="controllers">flash</a> scope and hence available for the next request</li>
<li><code>session</code> - Scoped for the user session</li>
<li><code>application</code> - Application-wide scope.</li>
</ul><p class="paragraph"/>To specify the scope, use the <code>scope</code> attribute:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:set var=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"now"</span> value=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;new Date()&#125;"</span> scope=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"request"</span> /&#62;</span></pre></div>



<h2 id="tagLogicAndIteration">7.2.2.2 Logic and Iteration</h2>
GSP also supports logical and iterative tags out of the box. For logic there are <a href="../ref/Tags/if.html" class="tags">if</a>, <a href="../ref/Tags/else.html" class="tags">else</a> and <a href="../ref/Tags/elseif.html" class="tags">elseif</a> tags for use with branching:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:if test=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;session.role == 'admin'&#125;"</span>&#62;</span>
   <span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;%&#45;&#45; show administrative functions &#45;&#45;%&#62;</span>
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:if&#62;</span>
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:else&#62;</span>
   <span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;%&#45;&#45; show basic functions &#45;&#45;%&#62;</span>
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:else&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>Use the <a href="../ref/Tags/each.html" class="tags">each</a> and <a href="../ref/Tags/while.html" class="tags">while</a> tags for iteration:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:each in=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;&#91;1,2,3&#93;&#125;"</span> var=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"num"</span>&#62;</span>
   <span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;p&#62;</span>Number $&#123;num&#125;<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/p&#62;</span>
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:each&#62;</span><p class="paragraph"/><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:set var=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"num"</span> value=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;1&#125;"</span> /&#62;</span>
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:while test=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;num &#60; 5 &#125;"</span>&#62;</span>
    <span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;p&#62;</span>Number $&#123;num++&#125;<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/p&#62;</span>
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:while&#62;</span></pre></div>


<a name="6.2.2.3 Search and Filtering"><!-- Legacy link --></a>
<h2 id="searchAndFiltering">7.2.2.3 Search and Filtering</h2>
If you have collections of objects you often need to sort and filter them. Use the <a href="../ref/Tags/findAll.html" class="tags">findAll</a> and <a href="../ref/Tags/grep.html" class="tags">grep</a> tags for these tasks:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre>Stephen King's Books:
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:findAll in=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;books&#125;"</span> expr=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"it.author == 'Stephen King'"</span>&#62;</span>
     <span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;p&#62;</span>Title: $&#123;it.title&#125;<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/p&#62;</span>
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:findAll&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>The <code>expr</code> attribute contains a Groovy expression that can be used as a filter. The <a href="../ref/Tags/grep.html" class="tags">grep</a> tag does a similar job, for example filtering by class:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:grep in=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;books&#125;"</span> filter=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"NonFictionBooks.class"</span>&#62;</span>
     <span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;p&#62;</span>Title: $&#123;it.title&#125;<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/p&#62;</span>
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:grep&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>Or using a regular expression:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:grep in=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;books.title&#125;"</span> filter=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"~/.&#42;?Groovy.&#42;?/"</span>&#62;</span>
     <span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;p&#62;</span>Title: $&#123;it&#125;<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/p&#62;</span>
<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:grep&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>The above example is also interesting due to its usage of GPath. GPath is an XPath-like language in Groovy. The <code>books</code> variable is a collection of <code>Book</code> instances. Since each <code>Book</code> has a <code>title</code>, you can obtain a list of Book titles using the expression <code>books.title</code>. Groovy will auto-magically iterate the collection, obtain each title, and return a new list!


<a name="6.2.2.4 Links and Resources"><!-- Legacy link --></a>
<h2 id="linksAndResources">7.2.2.4 Links and Resources</h2>
GSP also features tags to help you manage linking to controllers and actions. The <a href="../ref/Tags/link.html" class="tags">link</a> tag lets you specify controller and action name pairing and it will automatically work out the link based on the <a href="../guide/single.html#urlmappings" class="guide">URL Mappings</a>, even if you change them! For example:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:link action=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"show"</span> id=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"1"</span>&#62;</span>Book 1<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:link&#62;</span><p class="paragraph"/><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:link action=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"show"</span> id=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;currentBook.id&#125;"</span>&#62;</span>$&#123;currentBook.name&#125;<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:link&#62;</span><p class="paragraph"/><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:link controller=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"book"</span>&#62;</span>Book Home<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:link&#62;</span><p class="paragraph"/><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:link controller=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"book"</span> action=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"list"</span>&#62;</span>Book List<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:link&#62;</span><p class="paragraph"/><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:link url=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"&#91;action: 'list', controller: 'book'&#93;"</span>&#62;</span>Book List<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:link&#62;</span><p class="paragraph"/><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:link params=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"&#91;sort: 'title', order: 'asc', author: currentBook.author&#93;"</span>
        action=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"list"</span>&#62;</span>Book List<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:link&#62;</span></pre></div>


<a name="6.2.2.5 Forms and Fields"><!-- Legacy link --></a>
<h2 id="formsAndFields">7.2.2.5 Forms and Fields</h2>
<h4>Form Basics</h4><p class="paragraph"/>GSP supports many different tags for working with HTML forms and fields, the most basic of which is the <a href="../ref/Tags/form.html" class="tags">form</a> tag. This is a controller/action aware version of the regular HTML form tag. The <code>url</code> attribute lets you specify which controller and action to map to:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:form name=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"myForm"</span> url=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"&#91;controller:'book',action:'list'&#93;"</span>&#62;</span>...<span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;/g:form&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>In this case we create a form called <code>myForm</code> that submits to the <code>BookController</code>'s <code>list</code> action. Beyond that all of the usual HTML attributes apply.<p class="paragraph"/><h4>Form Fields</h4><p class="paragraph"/>In addition to easy construction of forms, GSP supports custom tags for dealing with different types of fields, including:
<ul class="star">
<li><a href="../ref/Tags/textField.html" class="tags">textField</a> - For input fields of type 'text'</li>
<li><a href="../ref/Tags/passwordField.html" class="tags">passwordField</a> - For input fields of type 'password'</li>
<li><a href="../ref/Tags/checkBox.html" class="tags">checkBox</a> - For input fields of type 'checkbox'</li>
<li><a href="../ref/Tags/radio.html" class="tags">radio</a> - For input fields of type 'radio'</li>
<li><a href="../ref/Tags/hiddenField.html" class="tags">hiddenField</a> - For input fields of type 'hidden'</li>
<li><a href="../ref/Tags/select.html" class="tags">select</a> - For dealing with HTML select boxes</li>
</ul><p class="paragraph"/>Each of these allows GSP expressions for the value:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:textField name=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"myField"</span> value=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;myValue&#125;"</span> /&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>GSP also contains extended helper versions of the above tags such as <a href="../ref/Tags/radioGroup.html" class="tags">radioGroup</a> (for creating groups of <a href="../ref/Tags/radio.html" class="tags">radio</a> tags), <a href="../ref/Tags/localeSelect.html" class="tags">localeSelect</a>, <a href="../ref/Tags/currencySelect.html" class="tags">currencySelect</a> and <a href="../ref/Tags/timeZoneSelect.html" class="tags">timeZoneSelect</a> (for selecting locales, currencies and time zones respectively).<p class="paragraph"/><h4>Multiple Submit Buttons</h4><p class="paragraph"/>The age old problem of dealing with multiple submit buttons is also handled elegantly with Grails using the <a href="../ref/Tags/actionSubmit.html" class="tags">actionSubmit</a> tag. It is just like a regular submit, but lets you specify an alternative action to submit to:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;g:actionSubmit value=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"Some update label"</span> action=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"update"</span> /&#62;</span></pre></div>


<a name="6.2.2.6 Tags as Method Calls"><!-- Legacy link --></a>
<h2 id="tagsAsMethodCalls">7.2.2.6 Tags as Method Calls</h2>
One major different between GSP tags and other tagging technologies is that GSP tags can be called as either regular tags or as method calls from <a href="../guide/single.html#controllers" class="guide">controllers</a>, <a href="../guide/single.html#taglibs" class="guide">tag libraries</a> or GSP views.<p class="paragraph"/><h4>Tags as method calls from GSPs</h4><p class="paragraph"/>Tags return their results as a String-like object (a <code>StreamCharBuffer</code> which has all of the same methods as String) instead of writing directly to the response when called as methods. For example:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre>Static Resource: $&#123;createLinkTo(dir: <span class="xml&#45;quote">"images"</span>, file: <span class="xml&#45;quote">"logo.jpg"</span>)&#125;</pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>This is particularly useful for using a tag within an attribute:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;img src=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"$&#123;createLinkTo(dir: 'images', file: 'logo.jpg')&#125;"</span> /&#62;</span></pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>In view technologies that don't support this feature you have to nest tags within tags, which becomes messy quickly and often has an adverse effect of WYSWIG tools such as Dreamweaver that attempt to render the mark-up as it is not well-formed:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre><span class="xml&#45;tag">&#60;img src=<span class="xml&#45;quote">"&#60;g:createLinkTo dir="</span>images<span class="xml&#45;quote">" file="</span>logo.jpg<span class="xml&#45;quote">" /&#62;</span>"</span> /&#62;</pre></div><p class="paragraph"/><h4>Tags as method calls from Controllers and Tag Libraries</h4><p class="paragraph"/>You can also invoke tags from controllers and tag libraries. Tags within the default <code>g:</code> <a href="../guide/single.html#namespaces" class="guide">namespace</a> can be invoked without the prefix and a <code>StreamCharBuffer</code> result is returned:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre>def imageLocation = createLinkTo(dir:<span class="java&#45;quote">"images"</span>, file:<span class="java&#45;quote">"logo.jpg"</span>).toString()</pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>Prefix the namespace to avoid naming conflicts:<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre>def imageLocation = g.createLinkTo(dir:<span class="java&#45;quote">"images"</span>, file:<span class="java&#45;quote">"logo.jpg"</span>).toString()</pre></div><p class="paragraph"/>For tags that use a <a href="../guide/single.html#namespaces" class="guide">custom namespace</a>, use that prefix for the method call. For example (from the <a href="http://grails.org/plugin/fckeditor" target="blank">FCK Editor plugin</a>):<p class="paragraph"/><div class="code"><pre>def editor = fckeditor.editor(name: <span class="java&#45;quote">"text"</span>, width: <span class="java&#45;quote">"100%"</span>, height: <span class="java&#45;quote">"400"</span>)</pre></div>



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